Life under slavery in the United States Free Essay Example, 4250 words

Some were successful after many failed attempts at escaping (Rodriguez 34). Most slaves escaped to the border states neighboring Free states where they moved to the North where there were freedoms for their lives. Young men found it easier to escape as they were most likely to be sold and were hired out to serve as errand men in other plantations. There were sympathizers who helped slaves escape to the North especially in the 19th century. Most slaves escaped by foot and threw stones to dogs that chased after them, while others stole horses from their masters or hid in ships. In the 19th century, a huge number of slaves escaped to gain freedom (Elkins 35). Slaves also used day-to-day resistance as a form of resistance like sabotage of breaking farming tools setting fire to buildings and striking down slaves that were considered as owner’s property. Some slaves faked sickness and played dumb and this slowed down work at the plantations. Women were able to feign illness to escape working conditions that were harsh and unbearable (Reese 211). They als o pretended not to understand instructions from their masters and their master’s wives. We will write a custom essay sample on Life under slavery in the United States or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now Slaves resisted at every chance they got, they also formed a distinct culture through religious beliefs that gave them hope in such severe conditions especially when they were being punished. Economics of Slavery During the American Revolution, it was considered as a national institution because the number of slaves was considerably small. The slaves lived and worked in every colony that were established in American states. Before the Constitution was ratified, some states in the Northern were abolishing slavery (Du Bois 59). The Northwest Ordinance 1787 made slavery illegal in the North and this meant that slavery existed in the South. Between the period of 1790 and the period of Civil War, slaves in America increased and buying of such slaves was common. Around 1820 slavery was mostly in tobacco especially in Virginia, North Carolina, and Kentucky. The spread of cotton slavery reached Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi and Louisiana (Elkins 55). The Slave trade had its benefits to the Europeans as they controlled labor of millions of people, which is connected to the growth of industrialization in Europe, capitalization, population growth and scientific evolution. It is also connected to change in social role in families and migration. This benefit came from selling slaves from African Kingdoms whereby most slaves were from the Caribbean and Brazil.

Essay on United States National Deficit - 1683 Words

Our National Deficit The national deficit is the amount of money our government owes, or the difference between the government expenditure and income. The government comes up with this number by using the federal budget. This takes the amount of the government’s income and subtracts their expenditures from that particular number. Whatever the total for the day is gets added to the total national debt, and it builds and grows daily. There is a difference between the national deficit and the national debt. The national deficit is however much more expenses there were than income for the day. The national debt is what is carried over from year to year. Our national debt as of November 5, 2005 at 3:35 pm is approximately $8,032,346,276,421†¦show more content†¦There are several divisions of the deficit. First, there is the difference between the debt the government owes the public and the debt it owes itself. The public debt is the amount of money the government borrows from the public, eithe r through taxes or securities. The debt the government owes itself is in the form of special programs, such as Social Security, or spending in specific areas like veterans. There are also two types of government expenses. First, there is discretionary, which the government sets a limit for. Then, there is mandatory, where the government determines who meets the eligibility for benefits. The national debt began in 1790 with war debts from the Revolutionary War. Before then, there was no national debt, and after that point the debt has increased greatly because of more war debt and things such as inflation. The amount of debt fluctuates year by year. For example, between the years 1977 and 1981, the deficit was below $100 billion. Between 1982 and 1991, the deficit increased to around $425 billion. Over the next few years, (1992-2001) the deficit dropped back down to below $100 billion, then shot up to about $600 billion between 2002 and 2004. Congress expected there to be a ten year period of surpluses which led to a tax cut. However, in 2002 there was a recession and the terrorist attacks on September 11 which, together, caused the government to spend more and borrow more boosting the deficit back up. InShow MoreRelatedSingle Payer Healthcare : Is It Best For America?1546 Words   |  7 Pageswell. Furthermore, in the United States, for every $1 spent on healthcare, it creates an additional $3 in the economy. So by creating a single-payer system, we would be energizing our economy for decades, plus receiving all the benefits of redirecting the expenses from the private sector (Single-Payer/Medicare for all: An Economic Stimulus Plan for the Nation). It is also not as radical as many may think, either. Expanding Medicare to cover every person in the United States would cost less than itRead MoreNational Debt and Budget Deficit Essay652 Words   |  3 Pagescorporation, the United States government uses money for its operations; meaning that it has both income and expenses. The income of the United States is derived from various taxes and fees and the expenses are what the U.S. government pays out for national defense, highways, social welfare programs, and various other programs. In an election year, the average citizen is apt to hear a great deal of talk about income, taxes, spending, and more importantly budget deficits and the national debt. GivenRead MoreEco 203: Principles of Macroeconomics1662 Words   |  7 PagesThe Budget Deficit The further growth of the budget deficit has been caused by a weak economy and increased government spending in areas such as: health care, education, defense spending, and lowered taxes. The government and/or Federal Reserve Bank can often hurt the economy trying to balance out high budget deficits. There is no doubt that our national debt is increasing. Budget deficits today will reduce the growth rate of the economy in the future, proving where we invest our money mattersRead MoreEssay on Reducing the National Deficit1071 Words   |  5 PagesReducing the National Deficit Many United States citizens are unaware of the countrys current financial state. Many assume that one of the worlds wealthiest countries could never be in debt. This is untrue however, and, in fact, the country with the greatest income per capita is in major debt. This study will examine possible solutions to reducing the United States national budget deficit. Understanding the National Deficit The amount of money that the United States government owesRead MoreUnited States National Debt1438 Words   |  6 PagesUnited States’ National Debt The current economic event on the increase in the National government debt has become of interest to the public and the decision makers. This paper looks at the economic event as per Stephen Dinan’s article in The Washington Times dated on June 16, 2015, in regards to the impact of the increasing national debt to the general economic growth in America. The proportion of the United States National debt is increasing in comparison to the National GDP. It is evident fromRead MoreThe American Economy : Public Policy, National Deficit, Debt, And The National Debt Essay1136 Words   |  5 PagesThe United States economy is an incredibly complicated entity that is intricately tied to the government. In a time where the national debt is equals almost twenty trillion dollars, it’s important to understand both how the American economy works and the economic policies surrounding it. One of the first things to be acquainted with when studying the American economy is the term publ ic policy. Public policy is defined as a â€Å"system of laws, regulatory measures, courses of action, and funding prioritiesRead MoreFiscal Policy1391 Words   |  6 PagesFiscal Policy The people of the United States are by the fiscal policies. Team C will address the how and why the U. S. budget deficits, budget surpluses, and debt affect different individuals and institutions. There is a wide array of individuals affected by fiscal policy, which include tax payers, future Social Security and Medicaid users. The unemployed individuals and University of Phoenix students will be affected by fiscal policy. The U.S. financial reputation, an exporter, and importerRead MoreEco 372 Fiscal Policy Team Paper1031 Words   |  5 PagesFiscal Policy Paper According to Colander (2010), a â€Å"deficit is a shortfall of revenues under payments and a surplus is an excess of revenues over payments† (p. 406). A debt is normally money that is owed or due and in the United States for Fiscal Year 2013 the budget deficit was projected at $901 billion, however, debt was more than $16 trillion at the end of 2012 (about.com, 2012). The state of the economy is what dictates the view of what is provided by economist in terms of potential outputRead MoreDebt Research Paper835 Words   |  4 PagesThe debt in the United States has been growing for decades and has accumulated all the way up to 19.9 trillion dollars. This amounts to 61,036 for each person living in the U.S, 157,735 for each household, 104 % of the U.S gross domestic product, and 546% of annual federal revenues. Tackling debt and deficits is a national security issue that affects our ability to compete in the international system. The proportion of U.S. government debt held by foreign entities has significantly increased. Read MoreBudget Wars : Debt And Sequestration1029 Words   |  5 Pages Debt and Sequestration in the United States The United States has adopted a persona of uncontrollable spending policies, and short term solutions. As the spending trajectory continues in a downward spiral, fueled by unsustainable policies, and current tax revenues, the national debt continues to grow. For many years, the United States has implemented policies that failed to address mandatory spending costs, which, unfortunately continue to outpace the national economy. Furthermore, Congress has

The United States Should Abolish The Death Penalty

To Keep or Not to Keep? I would like about whether or not the United States should abolish the death penalty. The United States should not abolish this because those who commit a capital felony which is punishable by imprisonment or death, should serve a capital punishment which is the death penalty. Many believe that certain crimes such as rape and murder should punishable by the death penalty. Although many also see it as inhumane, many also view murder and rape as inhumane. One can view this as part of Hammburi’s Code law that states â€Å"An eye for an eye.† Capital punishment has ben around for thousands of years; beginning even before the ancient Greeks and Romans. At that time, there were many different ways to carry out capital punishment such as, beheading, stoning and electrocution (PBS). In the United States, the first execution took place in 1608. Back then, it was not considered inhumane to implement a death sentence. Now, however, many claim that it is inhumane. Is it really inhumane though? If a serial killer was finally caught after killing many people, is it inhumane to sentence him to death row? No. It is not inhumane; what the serial killer did was inhumane. If a person murders another person and it can be proved that the suspect is one hundred percent guilty, then it should be allowed to order capital punishment. In the United States today, capital punishment is carried out by lethal injection. All of the thirty-two states who still have capital punishmentShow MoreRelatedThe United States Should Abolish The Death Penalty1020 Words   |  5 PagesRachel E. Bramble 1AC Elliot Spitzer states, â€Å"Our criminal justice system is fallible. We know it, even though we don t like to admit it. It is fallible despite the best efforts of most within it to do justice. And this fallibility is, at the end of the day, the most compelling, persuasive, and winning argument against a death penalty.† Although the Death Penalty is meant to kill the ones that have murdered, many innocent people have been executed due to the ignorance of facts during trialRead MoreThe United States Of The Death Penalty894 Words   |  4 PagesThe United States of America has been influenced by the Britain’s use of death penalty when Europeans first settled into the new world. Majority of the states still carry out executions, and there are hundreds of people that are on a death row sentence. The National Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty, and Criminal Justice Legal Foundation are two opposing organizations. The NCADP is against the death penalty while the CJLF is for the death penalty. The National Coalition to Abolish the Death PenaltyRead MoreCosts Of The Death Penalty1237 Words   |  5 PagesCosts of the Death Penalty. Death Penalty Information Center. Death Penalty Information Center, n.d. Web. 11 Apr. 2016. This article evaluates studies done in states all over the U.S to show much money is spent on capital punishment. For each state, the author provides a small summary, including statistics, and then provides the link to the original article where the information derived from. Thus, giving this article authority, by citing all sources, and also accuracy because of the studiedRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of The Death Penalty915 Words   |  4 PagesThe Death Penalty is the punishment of execution to someone who legally by court of law convicted a capital crime. In the United States of America this is mainly used for aggravated murder. Additionally this means that the murder has circumstances that are severe. For instance it was planned murder, intentionall y killed below the age of 13, killed someone while serving term in prison, killed a law officer, and killed someone or illegally terminated a person’s pregnancy while in the process of committingRead MoreEssay on Why the Federal Government Must Abolish the Death Penalty1277 Words   |  6 Pagesmake just laws. Currently, US laws allow for the death penalty for certain heinous crimes. The supporters argue that the 5th Amendment, which guarantees that no one shall be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law,† implies that depriving someone of his or her life is permissible under the constitution as long as there is due process. However, there are several reasons why the federal government must abolish the death penalty - it weakens US moral authority over other nations;Read MoreAgainst The Death Penalty Essay959 Words   |  4 PagesAgainst the Death Penalty â€Å"Murder is wrong† (â€Å"Capital Punishment†). We’ve been taught this indisputable truth since childhood. The death penalty is defined as one human taking the life of another. Coincidentally, that is a classification of murder. There are as many as thirty-six states with the death penalty, and it’s essential that they change it. The United States needs the death penalty abolished because it is filled with flaws, cruel and immoral, and is an ineffective means of deterrentRead MoreThe Death Penalty : A New Symbol For Execution1700 Words   |  7 Pagessymbol for execution: the guillotine. Today the electric chair, lethal injection, and firing squad provide the same image. All symbolize death as well as the crime that the perpetrator committed. In 1793 in France, an individual met the guillotine because he or she committed treason by going against the radical ideas of Maximilien Robespierre. In the modern United States, citizens face one of the ins truments of capital punishment after they commit murder, treason, or espionage. Though the instrumentsRead More Anti Death Penalty Essay1721 Words   |  7 Pages Disasters in Death Introduction I. Roosevelt Collins, a black man in Alabama, was convicted of rape, sentenced to death, and executed in 1937. Roosevelt testified that the â€Å"victim† who was white had consented to sex, which caused a near-riot in the courtroom. The all-white jury deliberated for only FOUR minutes. Later interviews with several jurors revealed that although they believed the act was consensual, they also thought that he deserved death simply for â€Å"messin’ around† with a white womanRead MoreEssay on A Call for Change: Abolishing the Death Penalty1728 Words   |  7 Pagesenhancing humanity. One change must be capital punishment. The United States’ government must stop trying to preclude murder by committing murder and the ultimate punishment should be prison for life with no chance of parole. In 2010, 558 citizens in the state of Georgia were murdered (â€Å"Crime in United States.†), and two Georgian civilians were put to death by our government (â€Å"Execution List†). Capital punishment results in the death of an American citizen; the only difference is murder is illegalRead More The Ethics of Capital Punishment Essay1125 Words   |  5 Pagesof philosophy dealing with moral conduct, duty and judgement.[1] Capital Punishment is the death penalty for a crime.[2] The word capital in capital punishment refers to a persons head as in the past; people were often executed by severing their head from their body. Since the early 1800s, most executions have resulted from convictions for murder. The death penalty has also been imposed for such crimes as armed robbery, kidnapping, rape and treason. Some people

State University School Of Social Work Essay - 1436 Words

CLEVELAND STATE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF SOCIAL WORK Changing Birth Certificate Sex Designations in Ohio ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ Portia Colbert p.e.colbert@vikes.csuohio.edu (216)551-6529 PREPARED FOR: Governor: John Kasich 09/21/2016 SWK 300: SOCIAL WELFARE POLICY PROF. Dover 1. GOAL STATEMENT – To enhance Ohio law and equality among transgender people by allowing the amendment of legal documents to reflect the current sex after undergoing surgical procedures to change one’s sex. 2. SCOPE OF THE PROBLEM – In Ohio the law doesn’t recognize transgender surgical procedures as a justifiable reason to make changes. If a transgender man or woman undergoes surgical procedure to change their sex, Ohio will not incorporate any form of correction of sex on birth certificates. The transgender community is directly affected by this problem. Most transgender people will explain that being transgender, means they feel more connected to the sex opposite that of which they were born. In any situation where a person isn’t happy, they may decide to make changes. Well in the transgender community this change can cost up to thousands of dollars, and it requires surgery. However, if you are in Ohio, these changes essentially mean nothing if you are looking to build a new life with your new-found identity. There are multiple organizations that advocate for the rights of theShow MoreRelatedSchool Of Social Work At Stephen F. Austin State University At Burke Center5170 Words   |  21 PagesBurke Center – A Rural Case Study  ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Agency Organizational Assessment I am currently completing my final internship for the School of Social Work at Stephen F. Austin State University at Burke Center, a mental health agency located in Nacogdoches, Texas. (myburke.org, 2017) states that â€Å"Burke’s mission is to provide the highest-quality and most compassionate and comprehensive mental health and developmental disability services to every client in East Texas that needs them.† The agency is wellRead MoreMethodology And Positive Evaluations Of After-School Art Programs1195 Words   |  5 Pagesmethodology and findings from two different After-School art programs. The National Arts and Youth Demonstration Project (NAYDP) in Canada and The Tampa Arts and Youth Demonstration Project (TAYDP) in the United States. The TAYDP was ideally compare to the Canadian After-School art program because of its similarities with children from low-income multicultural communities. This program report represents one of the few well-controlled evaluations of a after school art programs for low-income children. TheRead MoreElizabeth City State University And Saint Augustine s University1047 Words   |  5 PagesElizabeth City State University and Saint Augustine’s University both have good Sociology Programs. Elizabeth City’s mission is to promote economic, social, and environmental progress for the people of northeastern North Carolina, the state, and the nation. Saint Augustine’s mission is to sustain a learning community in which students can prepare academically, socially and spiritually for leadership in a complex, diverse and rapidly changing world. Elizabeth City State University and Saint Augustine’sRead MoreEssay on The Work of a Social Worker1240 Words   |  5 Pagesa career out of it. Social work is one of the most renowned occupations when it comes to helping people. The path to becoming a social worker is very difficult, in both getting a degree and choosing an occupation. To be licensed as a social worker in Minnesota, North Dakota and most other states a person must obtain a Bachelor of Social Work degree (B.S.W.) (Social Work). Currently many colleges have an undergraduate program to receive this degree. An adequate school for attaining a B.S.WRead More15 Most Affordable Online Schools1011 Words   |  4 Pages15. Western Governors University Western Governors University has 53 online degree programs to choose from, for an annual tuition of less than $15,000 each. This school offers one of the most affordable online accounting degrees. The annual tuition for the accounting program is $5,780. The Business degree program, also offered at the same price, is one of the most affordable. This public, non-profit school is fully accredited by the Distance Education and Training Council Accrediting CommissionRead MoreNew Mexico State University Is The Oldest And Largest Higher Education Institution Essay1028 Words   |  5 PagesNew Mexico State University New Mexico State University, which is referred to as either NMSU or New Mexico State, is the oldest and largest higher education institution in the state. This land-grant, research university was created in the late 1890s and is located in Las Cruces, New Mexico. The main campus is 900 acres and enroll over 15,000 students every year. There are satellite campuses in the cities of Grants, Carlsbad, Alamogordo and Dona Ana. There are also research centers in various locationsRead MoreAmerican Students Drop Out Of High School1534 Words   |  7 Pagesout of high school every year (EPE 2012), and that students in the United States are the twenty-fifth math, the seventeenth in science, the fourteenth in reading, out of twenty nine countries (OECD 2012)? According by the National Assessment of Education Progress, two out of three eighth-graders cannot read proficiently and that nearly three out of four eighth- and 12th-grade students cannot write proficiently. How the level of U.S schools can be so low, when we know that the United State is one ofRead MoreThe Importance Of A Social Work Field1594 Words   |  7 PagesThe social work field is solely dedicated to the giving back of others. A person in the career must be willing to spend hours working to make differences in clients’ lives. Children and family social work can be a very rewarding profession but yet challenging at times. Employees help others in need, advocate for important causes, and all around make positive impacts in the world. Many people interested in social work have personal motivations from their own lives steering them towards the professionRead MoreThe History Of Social Work In Vietnam. Each Country Has1625 Words   |  7 Pagesof Social Work in Vietnam Each country has a unique history for the development of social work. While social work was first started in Amsterdam and later introduced in the United States in the late 1800’s, other countries are starting to develop social work practice more recently (Zastrow, 2010). At the completion of multiple decades of war, Vietnam could start implementing social work practice. It is important for foreigners who plan to work in Vietnam to be aware of the history of social workRead MoreEssay about Improvement in School Spirit at the University of Waterloo1012 Words   |  5 Pages Administrators at the University of Waterloo are disappointed with the lack of the school spirit. School spirit can be defined as ones’ emotional support for their educational institute. To be fair our university certainly does have numerous clubs, sports, and other nonacademic programs to join on campus, however, it does not seem to entice students to join in comparison to other schools. The following will demonstrate why the university needs to improve on student engagement as well as the benefits

The Social-Emotional, Cognitive and Physical Benefits of Physical Activity Free Essays

The social-emotional, cognitive and physical benefits of physical activity During childhood our body and mind changes very fast. I believe that nowadays parents focus more on the brain developement of their children than their physical activity. When I was a little girl – over 20 years ago – we spent most of our time outside playing, running and enjoying fresh air and being in movement. We will write a custom essay sample on The Social-Emotional, Cognitive and Physical Benefits of Physical Activity or any similar topic only for you Order Now Physical activity of children can secure them health and well being in their adulthood as well as teach them a lot of very importants aspects like social relations and behaviors in different situations. Now I see that a lot of children spend their time at home or at after school activities that don’t involve a lot of movement. According to Child Development and Education â€Å"a series of studies shows that reductions in physical education are not associated with increase in academic achievement†. It is important to teach a children how to play piano or improve their mathematical skills but we should also remember how important is a physical activity in their development. Also as Child Development and Education states: â€Å"One of the problems is that adults tend to want children to remain still and quiet, particularly in groups, whereas many children prefer more rambunctious activities. † According to The Journal of Pediatrics physical activities of children vary with age, type of exercise, and setting. Physical activity begins in infancy with pushing up, turning, crawling, and eventually walking, and it progresses to more complex activities as neuromuscular control develops. Basic movement patterns develop during preschool ages and are the foundation for a wide range of physical activities at later ages. With growth, maturation, and experience, basic movements are integrated and coordinated into more specialized and complex movement skills that characterize the free play, games, sports, and other activities of school-age youth. Guided instruction and supervised practice, specifically by qualified teachers, coaches, and others who work with children, are important in learning movement skills. Types and contexts of activities are variable and change with age during childhood and adolescence. Activities of children aged 6 to 9 years are largely anaerobic (as in non-sustained activities or games such as ‘‘tag’’), and they help the child learn basic and more specialized motor skills. As youth move into the pubertal transition (about age 10-14 years, earlier in girls than in boys), these skills are incorporated into a variety of individual and group activities and many organized sports. Mature structure and function are approached or attained in late adolescence (age 15-18 years), so that physical activity programs can be more structured. Physical activity has not only physical benefits. It also has a very big impact on social-emotional and cognitive aspects of child’s live. According to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention â€Å"The development of a physically active lifestyle is a goal for all children. Traditional team and competitive sports may promote healthy activity for selected youth. Individual sports, noncompetitive sports, lifetime sports, and recreational activities expand the opportunity for activity to everyone. The opportunity to be active on a regular basis, as well as the enjoyment and competence gained from activity, may increase the chances that a physically active lifestyle will be adopted. † Team sports for example not only provide physical activity for children. They also introduce them to the meaning of â€Å"teamwork† and ability to find their own place in a group. Especially in sports, where roles change and they need to wait for their turn. When I was little we used to play badminton but unfortunately had only two sets of rackets that we needed to share. There was usually 6-8 of us playing together and I remember how we managed to be a public and players. This was one of my first lesson of sharing and adapting into a situation that I can’t change. Also it is important for children to learn a little bit about competition, since it is present in our whole lives. We have competition at work, college and different areas in our lives and I hardly believe that when person learns that sometimes you are first, sometimes second and sometimes last as early as you are a child it will be easier for the person to accept that you can’t be always first in adult life. During physical activities children interact with each other and getting to know their friends. Very often on the outdoor playgrounds we can see how quickly they meet other children. If they get bored they start looking for a new friend that can play with them. Encouraging children to those type of behaviors teach them how to be open in relationships with new people in their lives and how to interact with new friends. Adults should be aware of the right ways in encouraging their children’s physical activity. It is very important to know, that physical activity is an essential part of children’s day and teachers as well as parents should know how to promote it among children. First of all they should remember about even short activity breaks in between learning. The Journal of Pediatrics states that â€Å"The recommended 60 minutes or more of physical activity can be achieved in a cumulative manner in school during physical education, recess, intramural sports, and before and after school programs. In this regard, the Centers for Disease Control recommends daily quality physical education from kindergarten through grade 12. Both physical education and recess afford opportunities to achieve the daily physical activity goal without any evidence of compromising academic performance. Opportunities to influence youth participation in physical activities are readily available at home and school, as well as in community and health care settings. † They should also Provide an appropriate equipment and make exercising an enjoyable experience. Children tent to get bored if they do one thing for a long time, that is why diversity in exercising is very important. As a adults we should remember how important it is to take care of the physical activities of children. They can not only stay in good physical shape because of them but also develop on many other levels like social, emotional and cognitive. References McDevitt T. M. Ormord J. E. , (2012). Child Development and Education. 5th ed. USA: Pearson, pp. 157-77 WILLIAM B. STRONG, MD, ROBERT M. MALINA, PHD, CAMERON J. R. BLIMKIE, PHD, STEPHEN R. DANIELS, MD, PHD, RODNEY K. DISHMAN, PHD, BERNARD GUTIN, PHD, ALBERT C. HERGENROEDER, MD, AVIVA MUST, PHD, PATRICIA A. NIXON, PHD,JAMES M. PIVARNIK, PHD, THOMAS ROWLAND, MD, STEWART TROST, PHD, AND FRANCXOIS TRUDEAU, PHD,, (2005). EVIDENCE BASED PHYSICAL ACTIVITY FOR SCHOOL-AGE YOUTH. The Journal of Pediatrics. e. g. 32 (e. g. 2), pp. 732-7 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Guidelines for school and community programs to promote lifelong physical activity among young people. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1997;46(RR-6):1–36 How to cite The Social-Emotional, Cognitive and Physical Benefits of Physical Activity, Papers

Biology Moreton Bay Ecosystem and St Hellena Bay

Question: Discuss about theBiologyfor Moreton Bay Ecosystem and St Hellena Bay. Answer: Introduction Moreton Bay ecosystem is a rich habitat full of various species that cohabit together to form close relationship. They interact through two factors which include biotic and a biotic variable. In assessing these components the following tools and equipments can be used; techniques for differentiating the organism are done through different keys and field guides notes, utilization of sampling techniques such as underwater video cameras, gliders and sediment grabbers. Methods likely to be beneficial include measurement of data in the ecosystem i.e salinity levels, temperature and lighting exposure. Moreton Bay aquatic system is a natural environment where it is rich in marine habitat, plants and a variety of animals. The extended cover of mangroves is beneficial for birds shelter fish and other wild life animals, the habitat which supports rich variety of fauna and flora. The human contact is characterized by an ideal location for the human impact and cultural initiatives from the neighboring countries. Moreton Bay has a divers system of rich habitat and iconic species, the human population is slowly encroaching and it is a cause for alarm for the impacts which are currently, (Pantus Denninson, 2005). The biotic factors in the Moreton Bay ecology include the living organisms which exist in the ecosystem. It houses approximately 757 species combined of plants and animals. These factors coexist mutually in this intricate ecosystem and all living through creation of symbiotic relationship. The presence of bacteria in the bay plays a crucial role as biotic factor. They occur naturally and majorly found in the sewage pipes, they leave deposits in waterways , and leave sewage smell and effect on water, it has been investigated to causes no harm to the people or animal health. This rich ecosystem forms a close relationship with the fauna and flora through initiatives such as bird watching and planting of the indigenous flora in the ecosystem to create a sustenance relationship, (Hewson et al., 2001). Abiotic factors are those components of non living organisms like soils, weather and geographical positioning which have an impact on the environment, depending on the degree of severity. In Moreton Bay Region, sulfate soils which are in the low coastal areas have been found to have an impact on the soil. They form reactions with the oxygen and cause toxicity and acidity in the air. The effects of the soil on the environment are so broad and harm the environment; it affects the ecology through the killing of fish or causing diseases. The soils have been found to affect the flora and fauna and cause infrastructural damage which facilitates erosion. The mangroves cover is decreased and the animals are likely to fall on the same pattern as they depend on the food produced by the same affected soil components. Lack of food will lead to decrease in numbers in the population of creatures. Acid sulfates cane be harmful to the eyesights causing irritation and dermatitis to both human and ani mals. The impact on climate are evident, the tidal wave changes might affect the marine species, (Clouston, 2002). The response to any changes is the shift of the animals to safer climatic zones or succumbs to changing shift or change in climate. The geographical position is likely to have positive outcome to the ecosystem of Moreton Bay, it is strategically placed in between tropical and temperate waters, and this conditions allows the inhabitation of variety of fauna and flora thus providing a balanced and delicate marine ecosystem. Ways of Improving the Ecosystem Ways of improving the ecosystem at St Helena and Moreton Bay, include expansion of the Marine national park as at current state limits the high number of species from more effective interactions or alternatively to remove the Marine National park zone from the surrounding of St Helena zone. Another option is by creating a Marine National park around the Green island area. Choice of appropriate fishery management tools need to be deployed to manage the fish at the zone., (Van De Geer et al., 2013).The interaction created by the bacteria with water has made the resort to have regular checking to ensure the water is safe for human consumption, (Bunn et al., 2007). References Bunn, S. E., Abal, E. G., Greenfield, P. F., Tarte, D. M. (2007). Making the connection between healthy waterways and healthy catchments: South East Queensland, Australia. Water Science and Technology: Water Supply, 7(2), 93-100. Clouston, E. M. (2002). Linking The Ecological And Economic Values Of Wetlands: Acase Study Of The Wetlands Of Moreton Bay (Doctoral dissertation, Griffith University). Hewson, I., O'Neil, J. M., Fuhrman, J. A., Dennison, W. C. (2001). Virus?like particle distribution and abundance in sediments and overlying waters along eutrophication gradients in two subtropical estuaries. Limnology and Oceanography, 46(7), 1734-1746. Pantus, F. J., Dennison, W. C. (2005). Quantifying and evaluating ecosystem health: a case study from Moreton Bay, Australia. Environmental Management, 36(5), 757-771. Van De Geer, C., Mills, M., Adams, V. M., Pressey, R. L., McPhee, D. (2013). Impacts of the Moreton Bay Marine Park rezoning on commercial fishermen. Marine Policy, 39, 248-256.